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The emphasis on “civilization deregulation” and “grace customs”
——Liang Shuming discusses “education”, “grace customs”, “self-reliance” and village construction
Author: Tian Wenjun (produced by Wuhan University of Philosophy)
Source: “Confucius Research” Issue 4, 2018
Abstract: Teacher Liang Shuming’s rural construction discussion, and contacts the economic, political and civilized construction of Chinese villages. However, from the perspective of Teacher Liang’s determination of the traditions of “education”, “grace customs” and “self-reliance” and emphasizing the construction of the “new customs” in the village, Teacher Liang’s thinking about the construction of the Chinese countryside was actually his specific thoughts on the construction of Chinese civilization. Teacher Liang once said: “Country sports are a social sports” and “can also be called civilized sports.” Teacher Liang understood “village sports” as “social sports” and “civilized sports” because Teacher Liang lagged China’s conservativeness since modern times, understood that civilization was backward, and the backwardness of China’s modern civilization was behind the contradiction between Chinese and Western civilization. In the eyes of Teacher Liang, the collapse of the Chinese village society is just a reflection of the backwardness of Chinese civilization. Therefore, the ultimate goal of the construction of Chinese villages is to revitalize the Chinese culture and support the website manager. At the same time, Teacher Liang believed that China, a country, “gathers the family and forms the country, and gathers the country.” To cheer up Chinese civilization, as long as you “work hard from the country”, restore the civilization tradition of “education”, “commons” and “self-reliance” in the construction of the country, “Extend, exert, and open up” and “sensibility”, pay attention to “self-reliance”, develop the “subjective energy” of the Chinese, emphasize the “social structure” of the countryside, and restore the social order of the countryside, so as to achieve the “purpose of rebuilding the new social structure of China” as a whole.
Teacher Liang Shuming’s rural construction discussion recorded the practice of Teacher Liang’s efforts in the 1930s and 1940s to solve the problems of the construction of Chinese villages in the 1930s and 1940s. It also included the multi-level theoretical exploration of the construction of Chinese villages during this period, forming a thinking system. In this thinking system, the main influence of “education”, “grace customs” and “self-reliance” that Teacher Liang understands on the construction of the country is a major component. This article will conduct some special assessments on the theories of Teacher Liang on “education”, “grace customs”, “self-reliance” and village construction, to re-examine Teacher Liang’s thinking about the problems of village construction, as well as the historical contributions made by Teacher Liang to promote the construction of Chinese villages.
1. The decline of the traditions of “education”, “grace customs” and “self-reliance” and the collapse of the Chinese rural society
In the 1930s and 1940s, China launched a “village construction movement” in the 1930s and 1940s, and it has a complicated social history. Teacher Liang Shuming once believed that at that time, “the countryside sports are in the eveningDevelopment, construction, and actually taking the great destruction and collapse of rural economy across the country as its predecessor”[1]. This is the old age of Teacher Liang. href=”https://twhugdating.org/”>力官网 has a comprehensive understanding of the rural construction movement. In fact, in the rural construction discussion of Teacher Liang, the Chinese rural construction in the 1930s and 1940s of the 1930s and 1940s There have been many discussions and discussions from many perspectives in the development of sports. In the view of Teacher Liang, we must work hard to build a village. First, we should clarify why China needs to promote the construction of a village in the 1930s and 1940s from the perspective of theory. In this way, the perspective can point to the reality of the countryside, or trace back to China. History of the development of rural society. Teacher Liang Shuming once summarized the reasons for the construction of a Chinese countryside, “Full Rescue Village Sports”, “Farm Self-rescue Sports” and the “Encouragement of the Country” in the countryside. However, Teacher Liang believes that these reasons are all superficial. Explore the construction of Chinese countryside The deep-seated development of the movement is the need to pay attention to China’s “request to rebuild a new social structure.” He said: “The Chinese problem today has collapsed in its thousand-year-old social structure, and the new ones have not been established; the rural construction movement is a movement to rebuild a new social structure for our people. ———This last level is the true meaning of the village construction. ”[2] Teacher Liang’s “Request for Rebuilding a New Social Structure” is a deep-seated reason for the construction of the countryside. He knows the “true meaning of the countryside construction” because in the eyes of Teacher Liang, in the past century, China’s backwardness and failures have been a major manifestation of China’s backwardness and failure in the past century, which is the “social structure of the countryside” in China. The interpretation of creation and the collapse of “social order”.
Why do you think of the “social structure” and “social order” of Chinese villages? Teacher Liang understands the “social structure” of Chinese villages, including the “political structure” and “economic structure” of Chinese villages, and also includes Including the “god customs”, “convention” in Chinese villages and their related “education” and “self-reliance” and other civilization traditions. “Social order” includes politics, laws, statutes, system and “convention” and “convention”. In the view of Teacher Liang, in the “social structure” and “social order” in Chinese villages , the civilization traditions such as “education”, “famous customs” and “self-reliance” based on the historical and geographic structure of Confucian ethics are its most important organizational department. Teacher Liang once believed that “the eight words “ethics-based, separation of jobs” say that it did not matter to China’s old social structure,—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— ”[3] According to Teacher Liang’s concept, what he calls the “social structure” and “social order” of Chinese villages. The former mostly refers to the social relations and social reorganization system that exists based on Confucian ethics in Chinese villages. The latter is the principle way to maintain this social relations and social reorganization operation: “If people are not social, they cannot be unavailable. href=”https://twsugargirl.org/”>Inclusive care and career, but social careers cannot be carried out in a certain order; any time and place society must have its own organizational structure,It is the social order of being attached to the outside world and forming one of its legal systems and customs. ”[4] Such “social order” and “social structure” are difficult to separate. This is the basis of Teacher Liang’s thinking that “‘filial piety, brother, diligence, and care’ is the four-character mantra to maintain the order of society in China”[5]. Therefore, in the view of Teacher Liang, the most basic principle of the interpretation of “social structure” in Chinese villages and the collapse of “social order” is that the “education cats seem to be a little dissatisfied at the handover, and they mourn two times. ”, “god customs” and “self-reliance” traditions; or perhaps it is precisely because of the changes in “people’s structure”, academics and thinking that the changes in “social structure” in Chinese villages have led to the changes in “social order” and “social order”.
Teacher Liang linked the interpretation of “social structure” in Chinese villages with the collapse of “social order” with the decline of “education”, “god customs” and “self-reliance” traditions, so he linked the Chinese society The exploration and thinking of the particularity of civilization is based on. In the eyes of Teacher Liang, China was originally a scattered country community. The country is the “basic” and “subject” of Chinese society. The structure of Chinese civilization originated from the needs of the country: TC:
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